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A taweez (from the Arabic taʿwidh, “seeking refuge”) is a written text – usually verses of the Qur’an or supplications – folded and carried or hung for protection. It is known across South Asia, Turkey (where it is called muska) and the Arab world. Whether it is permitted is one of the questions on which Muslim scholars have discussed in detail. This page sets out the hadith, the different scholarly positions and the conditions they mention.
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The word and its roots
Taʿwidh comes from the same root as aʿudhu, “I seek refuge,” the opening of al-Falaq and an-Nas. The idea behind a taweez is therefore the same as behind those surahs: seeking refuge in Allah. In the hadith, two other words appear: tamima (an amulet, often beads or charms hung for protection) and ruqa (spoken incantations).
What the hadith say
The hadith of Ibn Masʿud
ʿAbdullah ibn Masʿud reports that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Spells, charms and love-potions are polytheism” (Sunan Abi Dawud 3883). The words used are ruqa, tamaʾim and tiwala. Scholars explain that this refers to the incantations and amulets of the pre-Islamic period, which were believed to have power in themselves.
Ruqyah without polytheism is permitted
When the Companions presented their old incantations, the Prophet ﷺ said there is no harm in an incantation that contains nothing of polytheism (Sahih Muslim 2200). So the issue is not the act of seeking protection, but what the words contain and where the trust lies.
Necklaces on camels
On one journey the Prophet ﷺ sent a messenger ordering that no necklace of bowstring or other necklace should remain on the necks of camels without being cut off (Sahih al-Bukhari 3005, Sahih Muslim 2115). The TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam cites this, together with a report in the Musnad of Ahmad, among the main bases for those who reject amulets.
The practice of ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAmr
ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿAs reports that the Prophet ﷺ taught words of refuge for times of fear: “I seek refuge in Allah’s perfect words from His anger, the evil of His servants, the evil suggestions of the devils and their presence.” ʿAbdullah taught these words to his children who had reached maturity, and for those who had not, he wrote them down and hung them on the child (Sunan Abi Dawud 3893). This report is the main basis for those who permit Qur’anic writings.
The scholarly positions
The “Muska” entry of the TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam summarises the discussion as follows:
- Not approved in Islam: amulets based on magic, unknown symbols, or beliefs inherited from pre-Islamic practice.
- Disputed: writings containing only the Qur’an, the names of Allah or authentic supplications. Some scholars rejected these too, to close the door; others, such as an-Nawawi and Ibn Hajar, did not object when certain conditions were met.
The conditions mentioned
- The text consists of the words of Allah, His names or His attributes.
- Its meaning is clear and understandable.
- It contains nothing that leads to polytheism.
- It is regarded only as a means; protection and healing are expected from Allah alone.
Recitation comes first
Whatever view one follows, the established practice of the Sunnah is to recite the Qur’an and the duas yourself. The Prophet ﷺ recited al-Ikhlas, al-Falaq and an-Nas every night, blew into his hands and wiped over his body (Sahih al-Bukhari 5017). A written text is at most a reminder of those words, never a substitute for them. See Ruqyah: verses and duas and Evil eye protection dua.
A personal written dua with Rahmani Hoca
In a consultation by WhatsApp, phone or video call – in English, Turkish or German – Cihat Keskin (Rahmani Hoca) listens to your situation and prepares a written selection of Qur’anic verses and authentic duas for you, following the conditions above: only the words of Allah and the Sunnah, with clear meaning, and with a reading plan so that you recite them yourself. The Turkish service page is Kişiye Özel Tılsım Çalışması. See also Black magic removal in Islam. Country pages (Turkish): United Kingdom, Canada.
Frequently asked questions
What does taweez mean?
From the Arabic taʿwidh, “seeking refuge”: a written text, usually Qur’anic verses or duas, carried for protection.
Is a taweez shirk?
Amulets based on magic or unknown symbols are rejected (Sunan Abi Dawud 3883). Writings of pure Qur’an and duas are disputed among scholars.
Which scholars permitted Qur’anic writings?
The TDV Encyclopaedia of Islam names an-Nawawi and Ibn Hajar among those who did not object when conditions were met; Sunan Abi Dawud 3893 reports the practice of ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAmr.
What are the conditions?
Only the words of Allah, His names or authentic duas; clear meaning; nothing of polytheism; and trust in Allah alone.
Is reciting better than carrying a taweez?
Recitation is the established practice of the Prophet ﷺ, as in Sahih al-Bukhari 5017; a written text is at most a reminder of those words.
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